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KENNEWICK,WA-
Summer is in full swing and the heat is relentless. It doesn’t just affect us, but our cars as well.
David Trujillo is the Owner of 509 Automotive Services. He says there is a checklist for preventative maintenance.
“Getting your oil changed, tire pressure adjusted, and a full inspection of your vehicle. Tire pressure, lights, check your brakes,” said Trujillo.
To keep the air flowing and clean, check cabin filters in the car. Replace engine filters if needed to make sure your engine runs smoother.
“I always reccomend having your A.C. checked. Because summers coming up and unfortunately this summer, it’s gonna be hot,” said Trujillo.
This record-breaking summer heat might have us searching for a cooler vacation spot. But if you plan on leaving town, remember these three things:
“I would be checking oil, tire pressures. Also, all your fluids,” said Trujillo.
David says water leaking is normal but look out for brown, green, or red leaks.
Finally, know the signs of overheating. If the temperature gauge goes over about the halfway mark.
“If it goes higher than that, the best thing to do is pull over, stop, let it cool down, open your hood, and inspect it. Do not pull the radiator cap because that could blow in your face,” said Trujillo.
As Davey Martinez sat down for his pregame Zoom session with reporters about 2 1/2 hours before first pitch in Miami, Josh Bell was in the process of getting an MRI on his right side. The results of that test will be on the Nationals manager’s mind until he knows if his cleanup hitter can avoid a trip to the injured list.
“He said he feels about the same (as Thursday),” Martinez said. “It’s not bad, it’s not horrible, but it’s there. We’ll see what happens when we get this MRI result back.”
Bell was a late scratch from Thursday’s lineup after reporting tightness on his side. The Nationals are hoping it’s not a full-blown oblique strain, but they were concerned enough to order the MRI.
Bell has finally become a more consistent threat at the plate after a brutal start to his first season with the Nationals. Since May 13, he’s batting .298 with a .360 on-base percentage, .544 slugging percentage and .904 OPS that ranks 10th in the National League over that span. He also launched an opposite-field grand slam during Wednesday’s 13-12 win in Philadelphia.
Even if the MRI comes back clean, Bell figures to need another few days off. That puts the spotlight back on Ryan Zimmerman, who tonight is starting at first base for the second straight game and is probably going to see more regular playing time for the immediate future.
After a red-hot start to his season, Zimmerman has cooled off considerably over the last month. Since May 30, he’s batting just .156 with a .191 on-base percentage, .378 slugging percentage and .569 OPS. A notoriously streaky hitter throughout his 16-year career, Zimmerman’s current struggles don’t have the coaching staff all that worried.
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“We all know who he is: He can get on a run where he can carry us for a while,” Martinez said. “But he’s a veteran guy. He understands the game. He understands his at-bats. He knows himself well. And he makes adjustments; that’s a good thing about him.”
Zimmerman, who is in his first season as a part-time player, has said he thinks he could play first base every day for a week or two if something happened to Bell. But he understands the more he plays, the greater risk he takes of suffering an injury.
So even if Bell lands on the IL, Martinez likely won’t be pressing Zimmerman into 100 percent full-time duties.
“I’m going to go day to day with him,” the manager said. “I have a conversation with him every day. I send the lineups out at night, and I always ask him in the morning if he’s not feeling great, if he’s feeling tight or anything, to let me know and we’ll do something else. We’re just going to go day to day. Today he said he felt good, and he’s in there.”
With all that in mind, the Nationals already are prepping other players to see some time at first base if needed. Martinez mentioned Gerardo Parra (who initially played first base when the joined the Nats in May 2019 due to injuries to Zimmerman and Matt Adams) during his pregame Zoom session, and afterward reporters on site in Miami noted both Kyle Schwarber and Jordy Mercer were taking grounders there during batting practice.
“I’ve got to make sure that (Zimmerman) is healthy,” Martinez said. “We want him for the whole year. So Parra’s taking some ground balls at first base as well, and he’s played some first base over there. So if we have to use Parra at first base, we will.”
Five Below, a retail chain offering items mostly between $1-$5, is coming to Texarkana this fall. The store will be located next to Ulta Beauty.
Photo
by Kelsi Brinkmeyer / Texarkana Gazette.
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TEXARKANA, Texas — Five Below has claimed space on Mall Drive and is being prepped for its Texarkana debut near Central Mall. Advertising itself as a chain of specialty discount stores with most merchandise $5 and below, the Texarkana store will take up the space in the two slots between Girlie Girl Outlet and Ulta.
According to employees at the neighboring stores, the previous occupants were a Dress Barn, gone for several years, and the other spot was most recently taken up by Lilly Page, which recently relocated to Central Mall.
One of the contractors working on the space is Marsh Electrical, doing the wiring. According to representatives there, work on the space has been going on for at least two weeks.
Signs out front indicate a fall of opening.
Five Below Inc. is headquartered in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. It’s over 1,000 stores across the United States, and targets teens as clientele.
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Godolphin’s 4-year-old Mystic Guide, approaching his first start since winning the Group 1 Dubai World Cup on March 27, retained the No. 1 ranking in the latest NTRA National Thoroughbred Poll with no changes in the top 10 from last week. Mystic Guide, a 4-year-old son of Ghostzapper, trained by Mike Stidham, received 25 first-place votes and 313 points. On Saturday, Mystic Guide breezed 6 furlongs in 1:13.20 at Fair Hill in Maryland in preparation for an expected return in Belmont Park’s Grade 2 Suburban on July 3.
Winchell Thoroughbreds and Willis Horton Racing’s 4-year-old Silver State is in second place. Trained by Steve Asmussen, Silver State has won all four of his starts this year, including the June 5 Grade 1 Hill ‘N’ Dale Metropolitan Handicap at Belmont. Silver State has one first-place vote and 241 points.
St. George Stable’s 5-year-old mare Letruska is one of three females in the top 10. Trained by Fausto Gutierrez, Letruska, winner of Belmont’s Grade 1 Ogden Phipps, picked up one first-place vote this week and has a total of 231 points. A daughter of Super Saver, Letruska is slated to start in Saturday’s Grade 2 Fleur de Lis at Churchill Downs, a “Win and You’re In” for the Grade 1 Longines Breeders’ Cup Distaff.
Klaravich Stables’ 4-year-old gelding Domestic Spending, trained by Chad Brown, is in fourth place. A bay son of Kingman (GB), Domestic Spending, who won the Grade 1 Resorts World Casino Manhattan Stakes at Belmont, has five first-place votes and 217 points.
Godolphin’s 3-year-old Essential Quality, winner of the Grade 1 Belmont Stakes presented by NYRA Bets, is in fifth place. Trained by Brad Cox, Essential Quality has two first-place votes and 189 points.
SF Racing, Starlight Racing, Madaket Stables, Stonestreet Stables, Frederick Hertrich III, John Fielding and Golconda Stables’ 4-year-old Charlatan (135 points), who finished second in the Group 1 Saudi Cup for trainer Bob Baffert, is in sixth place.
The 4-year-old Maxfield, trained by Brendan Walsh, is in seventh place with one first-place vote and 132 points. Owned by Godolphin, Maxfield is expected to start in Saturday’s Grade 2 Stephen Foster at Churchill, which is a “Win and You’re In” for the Grade 1 Longines Breeders’ Cup Classic. A dark bay son of Street Sense, Maxfield, who breezed 4 furlongs in 48.80 on Saturday at Churchill, won the Grade 2 Alysheba Stakes presented by Sentient Jet at Churchill on April 30.
The 4-year-old Gamine (109 points), last year’s champion female sprinter, also trained by Baffert, is in eighth place. My Racehorse, Spendthrift Farm LLC and Madaket Stables’ 6-year-old Monomoy Girl, the 2020 older dirt female Eclipse Award winner, is in ninth place with 96 points.
Korea Racing Stable’s Knicks Go (34 points), winner of the Grade 1 Pegasus World Cup Invitational, remains in 10th place.
The NTRA Top Thoroughbred polls are the sport’s most comprehensive surveys of experts. Every week eligible journalists and broadcasters cast votes for their top 10 horses, with points awarded on a 10-9-8-7-6-5-4-3-2-1 basis. All horses that have raced in the U.S., are in training in the U.S., or are known to be pointing to a major event in the U.S. are eligible for the NTRA Top Thoroughbred Poll. Voting in the Top Thoroughbred Poll is scheduled to be conducted through Nov. 6.
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JASPER, Ind. (WFIE) – Jasper baseball is preparing to play in their 10th state title game against Fischers.
The Wildcats come in with a 30-2 record, and they’re peaking at the right time, having won 21 in a row. That includes last week’s 17-2 beatdown of Mount Vernon, Fortville.
That wasn’t the only offensive explosion they’ve had recently either, as their bats have been hot lately.
They’re hoping that propels them to the program’s sixth state championship and their first since 2006.
“We’ve gotta get guys on, and then you’ve gotta take advantage when you do, and that’s the best thing we’ve done, whether it be a walk, an error, bunting a guy into position or somebody getting a hit,” said Terry Gobert, Jasper’s head coach. “It’s hard to do, but it’s helped us in the tournament, is the timely hitting. You look at our average, and we’re OK. We’re not a great hitting team up and down the lineup, but we’ve been more productive in the tournament. We’ve had better at-bats. People talk about hitting’s contagious, but it does put a little more in your step when the before you hits.”
“We’ve worked on it in practice a lot, being able to make we can cover all parts of the plate,” said Ben Henke, a Jasper junior. “Whenever there’s good arms on the mound, just being really disciplined up there at the plate and having an approach, and not necessarily getting big hits all the time, but being able to manufacture guys on base and get walks.”
Jasper will take on Fischers Tuesday night at 8 Eastern Time at Victory Field in Indianapolis.
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The City of Madisonville is bringing back 4th fest.
Public Relations Director for the City of Madisonville, Sara Lutz, Is looking forward to it.
“It’s certainly been a long year, so we’re thankful to be able to bring these events back to our community,” said Lutz.
Although the community is excited, the announcement of the events return has created some concern.
Lt. Leighann Stroud of Madisonville, is warning people of a possible ticket scam.
“When the city posted about the events, there were some people who always pop up that like to try to scam people and just said hey I cant go, I have some free tickets, if you want to buy them direct message me and you can get those,” said Stroud.
Despite the attempt to capitalize off the event, there have not been any reports of the scam working.
“The parking is free, the concert is free, there’s nothing for you to pay for other than some food and some beverages.” said Stroud.
Aside from the possible scam, Lutz is looking forward to the community enjoying a fun filled weekend.
“Oh I’m very excited, I’m thrilled. We’ve been waiting, we’ve tried to come up with some different events during COVID that we were able to provide for our community but this is one we’ve been waiting for,” said Lutz.
Held on July 2 through July 4, Lutz is expecting a big turnout.
With this being the first major event since the pandemic, Lutz wants people to know there’s plenty of room to remain socially distanced.
“You can see already something’s going on behind us, this has been months in the making though.” said Lutz.
An event filled with local vendors food trucks and music, It’s a fun holiday weekend to look forward to.
Over the past 10 years, Californians have suffered through some of the most destructive and deadly wildfires in the state’s recorded history. The problem is only expected to get worse.
It’s exhausting dealing with this seemingly constant existential threat. You may not have much influence over how a fire starts and spreads, but you can get ready in case of emergency.
What do you want to know about fires, earthquakes, climate change or any science-related topics?
Jacob Margolis helps Southern Californians understand the science shaping our imperfect paradise and gets us prepared for what’s next.
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That’s what this guide is for — a bit of insight into why things have gotten so bad and a whole lot of practical advice that’ll help you and your family prepare. And if you have any questions I don’t tackle here, ask me and I’ll do my best to dig in and add them to this page. (You’ll have another chance to ask at the end, once you’ve read the whole explainer.)
Why Have Wildfires Gotten So Bad?
Fire is a natural part of California’s landscape, but there are a whole host of reasons why they’ve gotten so bad in recent years.
Long term fire suppression: We’ve been so good at putting out fires over the past century that it’s led to a huge buildup of fuels, especially in our forested areas. So when a fire comes along, there’s a lot more stuff to burn, leading to larger and more intense fires. If we’d regularly allowed and incorporated low intensity burning, as had been practiced by native peoples throughout the state, we’d likely be in a much better place.
Marin County Fire Department firefighters participate in a controlled burn training on June 19, 2019 in San Rafael, California.
(Justin Sullivan
/
Getty Images)
Climate change: Temperatures have gotten hotter and our landscapes have gotten drier, which makes them more susceptible to burning throughout more of the year. On top of that, extreme drought, of which climate change is a contributing factor, leads to plant stress and massive tree die off. Those dead trees become added fuel for fires.
Invasive species: Take a trip through a recently burned area of the Santa Monica mountains and you’ll see moonscapes dotted with invasive grasses. They pop up a year or two after a fire burns through, displacing native plants and reducing the amount of time between big fires. Out in the desert, the grasses fill in the space between native plants, carrying fire long distances and enabling big burns that are otherwise uncharacteristic of the area. That’s what happened in Joshua Tree in 2020.
Wildland Urban Interface: As we’ve developed more of California, we’ve pushed communities deeper into high fire hazard zones, which means more humans are living in areas that naturally burn. More people in those spots means an increased possibility of ignitions, and more properties and lives in the way of flames when the landscapes do catch on fire.
Do I Have To Worry About Wildfires Year Round?
“It’s always fire season,” is an oft-repeated sentiment, but it really depends on how much precipitation we get in any given year.
When there are drought conditions in Southern California — which we seem to now experience quite often — then yes, plants are likely dry enough to burn throughout much of the year. Increasingly intense heat also dries out landscapes faster.
Case in point: a wildfire on Mount Baldy in the winter of 2021 during a drought.
That said, if we have an exceptionally rainy year, we usually don’t have to worry about wildfires until June or July, because that’s when grasses dry out enough to catch on fire. It’s not until August or September that larger vegetation, which fuels the larger fires, starts to get crispy.
From there until the rainy season we’ve just got to hold on to our hats and respirators, because that’s when the Santa Ana winds show up. They’re the primary driving force behind our largest and most deadly wildfires. 70 mph wind gusts can make conflagrations all but unstoppable.
Some fires, like Woolsey, don’t stop burning until they hit the ocean.
The ruins of a ocean view home are seen in the aftermath of the Woolsey Fire, in Malibu, California on November 14, 2018.
(DAVID MCNEW
/
AFP via Getty Images)
The rainy season should come along in November, but it seems to be starting later each year — yet another implication of climate change. And sometimes it doesn’t come along at all, which means that wildfires can burn well into the winter, if not straight through to next summer and fall.
How To Read A Fire Like A Pro
Unless you’re on the ground with firefighters, talking to the folks making the plans about how to tackle a blaze, it can be tough to tell just how worried you should be about a particular fire.
Here are some of the things that I ask myself when trying to figure out whether I need to toss my respirator and fire gear into my go-bag and head out into the field to cover a growing fire.
How fast is the fire spreading?
If we’re seeing frequent, big jumps in acreage burned, there’s a good chance that the fire’s starting to burn out of control.
How many acres are the fire agencies saying may burn?
If you start to see 1,000, 15,000, 20,000 acres possible, it’s going to be a big fire.
How dry is the vegetation?
If the vegetation is at critical levels of dryness, then it’s going to burn as if it’s dead. If it’s still wet from winter rains, then the fire will be more easy to control.
How hot is the weather?
Hot weather means drier vegetation and greater stress on firefighters. Drier vegetation burns more easily and tired firefighters are less effective.
How strong are the winds and how long is the wind event?
If it’s Santa Ana wind season and you’re seeing estimated wind speeds above 20 to 30 mph, there’s a good chance the fire could move too fast for firefighters to control. You’ll also start to see spotting a mile or more ahead of the fire front. That’s when embers are pushed far and wide by strong winds and start fires outside of the main fire zone. If a wind event is expected to continue for a week, expect the fire to burn through that week. It’ll be tough for firefighters to tackle it until winds die down or the fire burns through whatever matter is in its way.
Is the fire burning through an area that hasn’t burned in at least 10 years?
The longer it’s been since an area has burned, the greater the amount of fuel there is to burn.
Is the fire burning in a mountainous area?
Odds are good it will be, as our mountains are what regularly burn. We’ve got steep mountains here in Southern California, and a whole lot of technical terrain that’s all but impossible to navigate on foot. If the fire’s burning in a spot that’s tough to access, it’s going to be harder for firefighters to lay down containment lines. They’ll have to let the fire burn up to ridges and fire roads, which they should have access to.
Are evacuation orders being issued?
If you’re told to evacuate, do so. It’s not a joke. If they’re being issued, it’s serious.
Have local firefighters brought in outside resources? If so, how many?
California’s got mutual aid agreements with other firefighting agencies across the country. If you start to see that they’re bringing in a large number of crews from outside the state to tackle a fire, know that they’re having a trouble getting a hold of it.
A screenshot of Cal Fire’s fire hazard severity zone map. The red areas are very high risk.
(Cal Fire)
In that same vein, if you’re located in a HFHSZ you may have to adhere to regulations that dictate how you maintain your landscape to make it less fire friendly. Information for L.A. County residents can be found here.
If you’re considering buying a home in California, know that it’s the law that fire risk needs to be disclosed. And if you’re located in an HFHSZ even more disclosure rules apply.
There are two key areas on your property that you’ll need to prepare for wildfires: the land around your home and the home itself.
You should think of the land around your home as defensible space. A landscape that you need to modify to be as fire resistant as possible. That, if you prepare it right, will act as a buffer that keeps flames and embers far away from your structure, and gives firefighters the room to defend it, if need be.
In order to prepare your land you’ll want to clear any firewood, dry plants and trees from right up against your house. You’ll also want to replace decks and railing with non-combustible materials, and use fire proof materials like gravel in your walkway.
You’ll want to keep your yard clear of piles of leaves and tall, dry grass. And you need to make sure that there’s proper spacing between shrubs and trees, so that if one catches on fire it minimizes the likelihood that another will as well.
You should also practice something called home hardening, which is all about preparing the actual structure so that it can fend off not only flames, but embers as well. They arrive far ahead of the fire front and can squeeze into all sorts of small crawl spaces and set your structure ablaze.
There are simple steps you can take like clearing your rain gutters of any dry leaves and sealing off crawl spaces, or more complicated ones like installing fire resistant roofing material.
In case you’re looking for yet another incentive to prepare your home, just know that if firefighters arrive at your home to defend it, but you haven’t taken the time to either harden it or create defensible space, there’s a good chance they’ll just move on to a structure that’s been better prepared.
What About Fire Insurance?
If you can afford it — and it’s available in your fire-prone area — you should probably get it, as federal recovery programs aren’t going to make you whole if you suffer catastrophic losses.
A big part of properly preparing for disasters is knowing how you’ll get your information when everything goes down.
When it comes to wildfires, that means signing up for alerts from local, state, and federal agencies, who can tell you need-to-know information about evacuation orders or anything else that may be critical to saving your life. They’re especially important during red flag events, because officials may use the alerts to wake you up in the middle of the night to tell you it’s time to leave.
Sign up for all of these. If you don’t live in LA, look to see if your city has its own emergency alert system.
This should be the main way that evacuation orders and other critical information is communicated by officials. That said, they often turn to Twitter to post more frequent updates, so as not to spam people’s phones with loud alerts.
Make sure to follow the Twitter accounts of your local fire department, sheriff’s department, and city government:
Of course, suggesting you use Twitter during a disaster is contingent on there being both power and internet available. If power is out and you need emergency information, we’ll provide regular updates over the air on KPCC at 89.3 FM. You should always have a hand crank and/or battery powered radio around in case of emergencies.
Emergency Supplies and Evacuation Plans
It’s 1 a.m. and you’re sound asleep, when all of the sudden you’re torn from your slumber by a deafening alert coming from your cell phone.
It’s the L.A. County Fire Dept. A fast moving wildfire, pushed by Santa Ana winds, is charging through your neighborhood and you need to evacuate. Now.
What are you going to throw into your car in the next five minutes? What routes are you going to take to get out of there?
If you live in a high fire hazard severity zone and it’s a red flag night, it’s a very real scenario you should be thinking about.
The good news is that you have time to prepare.
Residents evacuate their homes in the Tuscany development as smoke from the approaching Porter Ranch fire fills the air on October 13, 2008 near the Los Angeles area community of Porter Ranch, California.
(David McNew
/
Getty Images)
Evacuation plans: Talk to your friends and family, adults and kids about establishing a wildfire action plan. Figure out how you might escape your neighborhood, which neighbors or family members may need help leaving, and how you can all make sure that everyone’s looked after. Don’t rely on emergency responders to save you.
Large animals: Large animal shelters often open up during wildfires in Southern California. Information will likely be posted on your local Red Cross Twitter account, or by your local sheriffs department.
Emergency supplies: Think about what you’ll need to prepare, whether you have to hunker down at home or if you have to flee at a moment’s notice, particularly if there’s a red flag warning.
You could go full-on prepper, but guns are unnecessary. You’ll want water and food, as well as comfortable clothes you can take to a shelter or hotel while you’re displaced. Any important documents you have should be stored digitally if possible. And don’t forget to think about what your pet might need to survive too.
Consider a generator or a battery bank to provide you with some security when you’re at home and the power gets shut off.
If you have medicines or other critical items that need to be refrigerated, consider how you’ll keep them cool. In that case you may consider purchasing a small battery backup for a small refrigerator.
Access And Functional Needs?
When it comes to preparing for disasters, there are extra considerations for the one in four adults in the U.S. that live with access and functional needs. Know that California is woefully unprepared to take care of you, and that you’ll have to line up help ahead of time if possible.
You may have equipment that has to run on electricity, or medicines that need to be refrigerated, or you may have difficulty evacuating without assistance.
All of this needs to be considered ahead of time and planned for.
If you have a family member or neighbor who may need help evacuating, have a discussion ahead of time. Figure out a plan to make sure that everyone is taken care of. Odds are emergency services aren’t going to help. It’ll likely be those nearest to you that do.
Don’t Let Wildfire Smoke Inside
Try your best not to inhale toxic wildfire smoke, as it can lead to all sorts of adverse health impacts, including heart attacks, strokes, and exacerbation of asthma and COPD. Consider buying air filters and respirators before there’s a run on them during a major fire. And think about setting up a clean room of sorts, where you know you can run purifiers and stay safe.
Realize that you may have to clean up your home after smoke has cleared, as toxic particles can settle into your clothing, carpets and furniture.
There’s A Wildfire Nearby. Now What?
Stay out of the area where it’s burning
Close up your home to try and prevent smoke from getting in
Check up on those resources we mentioned above to see how things are going.
Flames come close to houses during the Blue Ridge Fire on October 27, 2020 in Chino Hills, California.
(David McNew
/
Getty Images)
If you’re in the path of the fire, get ready to evacuate in case orders are issued, or if you feel unsafe. They should come in through the notification systems we mentioned. However cell service might be out in your area, so you may have to make the decision yourself.
Even though it may seem unlikely to happen, people get caught by fast-moving, wind-driven wildfires, something we saw in both the Tubbs and Camp Fires. That’s why it’s important to figure out your evacuation routes in advance.
If those routes are blocked off and you can’t get out, hopefully you’ve hardened your home, which can serve as a very effective fire shelter.
If you’re in your car or on foot, finding a place away from flames or brush is crucial.
One caveat is that the odds of you getting through to 911 in the middle of an emergency, or firefighters being able to get to you to help while you’re surrounded by flames, isn’t great, especially if it’s a large fast moving fire.
That’s why prep and leaving early if possible is crucial.
Returning Home After The Fire
Recovery could take an awfully long time, depending on how badly hit your community was. Your local sheriffs department should let you know when you can go back.
If you’ve lost your home, hopefully you’ve already itemized everything, so that you can get to work with your insurance adjuster right away.
Federal help may be available, but only if your fire receives a disaster declaration. If not, the only assistance available besides your insurance may be a small business association loan. Your county should set up some sort of emergency response site post-fire for you to head to to gather information.
There are fewer sources to help you recover than you’d think.
When Rain Comes, Worry About Mudslides
When rains finally do arrive, if you live in a hilly area there’s a good chance that you could get hit with some post fire debris flows. The USGS has a map detailing places of concern, which you can find here.
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As Europeans become increasingly concerned about potential earthquakes, scientists must improve earthquake early warning systems and hazard communication — especially for business.
By Pablo Salucci , Science writer (@psalucci)
Citation: Salucci, P., 2021, European companies get help prepping for the next earthquake, Temblor, http://doi.org/10.32858/temblor.182
Earthquakes cause the highest number of fatalities compared to all other natural hazards in Europe. Only severe storms cause more economic losses. Between 2006 and 2015, 21 earthquake-related disasters in Europe alone resulted in 1,049 deaths, caused more than $21 billion (USD) in financial losses, and affected 284,000 Europeans, according to TURNkey, a research consortium that aims to reduce future human and economic losses caused by earthquakes in Europe.
Building damage caused by the Aegean Sea Earthquake that struck Turkey on Oct. 30, 2020. Credit: Voice of America, Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons
“As a result of public awareness campaigns, business organizations in Europe are increasingly aware of earthquake risks,” says Femke Mulder, a TURNkey researcher and specialist in Disaster and Humanitarian Studies at Anglia Ruskin University in the UK. She and her colleagues focus on how earthquake early warning combined with operational earthquake forecasting can help companies prepare for future earthquakes.
Forecasting shaking and losses
Earthquake early warning systems have evolved rapidly thanks to technology and advances in understanding the physical complexity of earthquakes. These systems include seismic instruments that communicate in near real time with computers equipped to rapidly process data. Sophisticated algorithms on these computers calculate information about the earthquake — like location and magnitude — within seconds, which helps forecast ground-shaking intensity in the region around the rupture. Then, the shaking intensity forecast must be issued to the public or other end users in large, urbanized areas before they experience any intense shaking that might cause damage. Earthquake early warning ideally provides automatic alerts tens of seconds before the arrival of damaging seismic waves, which, for businesses, can help limit injury and damage to critical systems.
Operational earthquake forecasting is not the same as earthquake early warning. Operational earthquake forecasting “provides hazard and risk information before the main earthquake event,” noted Mulder in a video presented with an abstract at the European Geophysical Union’s annual meeting in April. Companies that engage in operational earthquake forecasting periodically update their information on earthquake hazards, which allows them to better plan for employee safety and potential business interruptions. These companies can also jointly plan with business partners who engage in similar forecasting.
“Our goal is to assess how operational earthquake forecasting and early warning can contribute most effectively to business continuity planning and disaster management,” Mulder said. Together, these systems can improve earthquake preparedness for both businesses and critical infrastructure providers by ensuring minimal down time.
Illustration of the chronological sequence of Operational Earthquake Forecasting (OEF), Earthquake Early Warning (EEW), and Rapid Response to Earthquakes (RRE). Credit: TURNkey
Rapid response to earthquakes
“Rapid response to earthquakes,” a notation TURNkey uses to mean combining near-real-time estimates of both ground movement and potential losses, is another step to help in resilience preparation as it helps businesses quickly determine short-term responses. TURNkey’s cloud-based computer system can display the results of algorithms for operational earthquake forecasting, earthquake early warning, and rapid response to earthquakes, according to the TURNkey website. The goal is to ensure that stakeholders know which initial actions they need to take.
“Platforms like these … educate and effectively communicate the probabilities and risks,” says Cindy Mora-Stock, a postdoctoral research associate at Western University in Ontario, Canada. She also points out that these systems are not sufficient by themselves — education about risk and probabilities is essential. “In the case of companies,” says Mora-Stock, “whoever makes the decision [must know] what to do with that information.” For example, she says, someone working in a factory must know if cutting off the gas supply in the event of an earthquake is necessary.
The technical principles of an earthquake early warning system. Credit: Velasquez, 2020
Varying levels of preparation
Rapid response to earthquakes “implies coordination between different responders to an earthquake event,” says Mulder. However, how different countries manage risk varies, as does risk management within a single country, she says.
One of the reasons for differences in how countries prepare is that each faces a different hazard. For example, in the seismically active Campania region of southern Italy, home to large cities like Naples, earthquake early warning has advanced to real-time testing. In countries like Iceland, “the threat of major earthquakes and hazard events are always present and expected,” Mulder says, so monitoring and risk management is advanced compared to less seismically active European countries. In countries like the Netherlands, she says, where there’s far less natural seismicity, “concern arises from a series of low-level earthquakes” caused by induced seismicity. Frequently, she adds, companies and governments increase their level of preparation only after an earthquake reminds them to do so.
Facing upcoming earthquakes requires recognizing seismic risks present in each territory. The challenges of the coming years lie in integrating systems between countries, and the timely delivery of information.
Codogno, 2016). Credit: Mario Fornasari from Ferrara, Italy, CC BY 2.0, via Wikimedia Commons” width=”621″ height=”1024″ class=”size-large wp-image-12873″ /> The magnitude-5.9 May 2012 earthquake in Emilia, Italy, had 27 casualties. The economic damage was significant, estimated at $16.25 billion (USD), approximately 0.8% of that year’s GDP. Emergency measures accounted for $860 million (USD), damage to residential homes $4.03 billion (USD), and damages to companies $6.35 billion (USD), which constituted approximately 40% of total losses (Codogno, 2016). Credit: Mario Fornasari from Ferrara, Italy, CC BY 2.0, via Wikimedia Commons
How TURNkey helps businesses
“What companies have in common is that they don’t systematically update earthquake hazard and risk information in their preparedness approach, limiting business continuity in the event of an earthquake,” says Mulder. She and her colleagues at TURNkey sit down with businesses and discuss what is needed — and what is possible — from an engineering perspective. In the event of an earthquake above a projected shaking threshold, TURNkey, could, for example, facilitate suspending gas supplies, opening elevator doors automatically, or forcing trains to decelerate.
By helping companies understand their risk, TURNkey helps them regularly evaluate their processes and protocols and, Mora-Stock says, allows them to update their response plans to seismic hazards.
References
Mulder, F., Morga, M., and Jones, K.: Insights for Business Centric Earthquake Early Warning and Operational Forecasting Systems, EGU General Assembly 2021, online, 19–30 Apr 2021, EGU21-12856, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu21-12856, 2021.
Velazquez, O., Pescaroli, G., Cremen, G., & Galasso, C. (2020). A Review of the Technical and Socio-Organizational Components of Earthquake Early Warning Systems. Frontiers in Earth Science, 8, 445.
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2021 Rhinelander High School graduate Abigale Henrichs has been interested in health care career for as long as she can remember. But health care is a wide field and Abigale was unsure which direction to go. Should she become a chiropractor like her parents, Dr. Wendy and Dr. Scott Henrichs, or consider medicine? Fortunately for her, an innovative program formed by local orthopedic surgeon Dr. Kent Jason Lowry gave Abigale the opportunity to explore.
After completing a semester-long medical internship she is still unsure of her path, but the opportunity made her realize a few things.
“I do know that health care is what I want to go into and doing the internship just solidified that,” she said. “I got so much out of it. And so many students who even have the slightest interest in health care and are ambitious enough to pursue the opportunity would get so much out of it as well.”
Since 2013 Dr. Lowry has mentored five high school students through an unofficial internship in conjunction with Rhinelander High School. His first mentee, Ryley Zastrow, has been accepted into the Johns Hopkins Orthopaedic Surgery Residency Program.
“I look at it as I’m opening a door into a room full of books and information and help them walk in, and now it’s on their shoulders to decide what they want to look at and what they want to learn more about,” Lowry said. “I feel very confident in being able to say that these five students are the only five students in the country in high school that have had this kind of experience.”
Lowry has developed the guidelines and steps the students need to go through for a successful completion of the program. “There were barriers when we tried to introduce Ryley into this experience,” he said. “The system was saying high school students aren’t ready, they won’t get anything out of it, it will be too overwhelming, patients won’t be receptive, staff won’t be receptive. All of those concerns were dispelled. What Ryley was able to pull out of the experience and learn herself is what really opened my eyes and has allowed the program to continue basically through word of mouth in an informal arrangement.”
Now he would like to see it become something more.
“I’m personally feeling a lot more comfortable and confident with the processes we have in place, the way the system is responding, and accepting the students that it’s time to formalize it,” Lowry explained. “I think it’s time to put this out there and create a defined infrastructure around it.”
School District of Rhinelander Superintendent Eric Burke agrees. Burke learned of the internship when he attended a presentation Henrichs gave last month about her experience.
“Any kind of apprenticeship program that we have – I want to see that expanded,” Burke said. “We need welders, and machinists and construction; we need all of those for our economy. But we also need doctors and pharmacists, healthcare workers, bankers and CPAs. This program, because Dr. Lowry is so invested in it, is a great model we can use as we try to expand our horizons with apprenticeship programs in health care.”
The program fits with a new initiative, Inspire Rhinelander, in which Grow North, Rhinelander Partners in Education and the School District of Rhinelander aim to provide students with information and opportunities to learn about possible careers while they are in high school.
“It’s not going to happen overnight but it’s already happening in some ways, so that students will become more informed when they leave here about what they want to do,” Burke added.
One of the pieces that is missing, Lowry said, is a defined set of prerequisites for a student to undertake this type of internship.
“Students have to be driven and self-motivating, demonstrating a high level of academic success,” he said. “I think it’s important that this is a self-driven motivation and not that they are being pressured to it. It’s really on them to make the experience valuable for them.”
Each morning during the second semester, Henrichs spent an hour or two with Lowry, twice a week she was in the operating room – her favorite part – even scrubbing in for surgeries toward the end of the experience.
“To be able to see each movement that Dr. Lowry was doing opened my eyes to the intricacies of the surgery,” Henrichs said. “From afar you don’t really notice when he is moving a nerve out of the way or cauterizing a specific bundle of blood vessels and just seeing that up close… it’s way more complex than I realized.”
Other days she shadowed Lowry on post-op visits and clinic appointments and had experiences in a variety of other departments, internal medicine, pediatrics, general surgery and learned how to read an MRI.
Henrichs earned half a credit for the time she spent observing surgeries at Ascension St. Mary’s hospital, learning the language of medicine and the culture of an operating room. Additionally, she noted, taking the internship instead of an advanced or weighted class cost her the top academic spot in her graduating class. But it was “completely worth it” because of everything she learned.
“That was my biggest conflict going into this; do I want to give that up for this,” Henrichs said. “And I’m so glad that I did because I don’t think having just a normal senior year experience would have compared to the knowledge that I gained through spending time with Dr. Lowry.”
Henrichs is off to the University of Wisconsin-Madison in the fall, planning to major in neurobiology and possibly obtain a certificate in business in case she one day wants to open her own practice.
As the informal medical internship perhaps inches toward formalization, Lowry said it has given him the chance to give back for the opportunities afforded to him as a student, and “It’s also having the opportunity to be part of that process for energetic minds; I think that is very rewarding.”
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After a red-hot start to his season, Zimmerman has cooled off considerably over the last month. Since May 30, he’s batting just .156 with a .191 on-base percentage, .378 slugging percentage and .569 OPS. A notoriously streaky hitter throughout his 16-year career, Zimmerman’s current struggles don’t have the coaching staff all that worried.
